Can God answer prayer in a universe that operates according to the laws of physics?

We believe that the universe operates according to the laws and equations of physics.  And then we ask, “if the behaviour of the universe is predictable according to the laws of physics, then is there any way in which God can ‘do’ anything; how can God answer prayer?”

Perhaps in the same way that we ‘do’ things?  As I type this, I am influencing the material world with my mind, with my will.  Although we all speculate based on different quantities of data, nobody knows how we do it.  We can trace pathways through the brain, down nerves and so on, but we still don’t know how ‘we’ operate with free will or exercise that free will.

Some claim that we don’t, that free will is a delusion.  But they don’t really believe it – we all behave as if we have a degree of free will.  Clearly we don’t decide everything our bodies do, but we still do decide some things.  We exercise our free will daily.  How could it be otherwise?  If free will were a delusion, then if we were truly able to believe that it were an illusion we would realise that there is no point to anything at all and we would give up all our searchings, all our science, all our religion  Yet we would not be able to give it up, because we would not have the free will to be able to!  And if someone claims that free will is a delusion, how have they come to that conclusion?  If they are correct then clearly they cannot have come to the conclusion themselves, but only had the delusion of coming to that conclusion …. So the claim that freewill is a delusion is contrary to all evidence, and by as outlined above completely un-provable.  It is outside of science and outside of reason.  Therefore if pursuit of the truth is to have any meaning then we must conclude that we have free will.

So in the same way that we, with our free will  can operate in the material world, controlled by the laws of physics, God too can operate.  There is thus no scientific reason to suppose that God cannot answer prayer. (If he exists of course!)

If God is all powerful, why doesn’t he stop all the fighting?

I wrote this when my delightful daughters were much younger; I hope that if they read this now it will make them smile ……

Parents can learn a lot from their children.

My children sometimes fight.  Sometimes one or other of them may exaggerate their wounds and try to get me to arbitrate as to who was to blame.  I hate to see them fighting and so have found myself drawn into trying to resolve and judge the issue.  However, I try not to blame one or the other because I love them both and recognize that it takes two to make an argument. However, it often ends up with both of them ‘hating’ me.  If I do arbitrate then the one who ‘wins’ soon forgets, but the loser then spirals into silent or vociferous anger and feeling of being unfairly treated.  As an arbitrator I cannot win!  Even as a peacekeeper I seldom win.  It is perhaps best to leave them to have their fight, and to be there to comfort whoever needs comforting.

Since we have free will, how can God intervene when he sees us fighting and causing suffering?  We would behave in just the same way as my children.  It would not be ‘fair’ if we were judged ‘against’, and if we were judged ‘for’ then we would simply accept the decision as our right, and go about our business.  He has given us the dignity of choice, but having done that he has necessarily limited the use of his power.

He lets us choose how to resolve the fight.  Jesus told us how to resolve the fight if we are prepared to listen.  Essentially – don’t worry about winning the argument – look for the plank in your own eye – think what you could have done better – be humble – turn the other cheek.  It’s not ‘fair’, but it works!  But when we ignore his advice then he’s still there to comfort whoever needs comforting.

Is it time to stop blaming God for all the things we do wrong to each other?  Instead, shall we recognise his love for us, and listen to his advice and find the fulfilment of living our lives as he intended?

A rational look at heaven

A common view of heaven is that it is a reward for being good. Be good in this life and then you can go and have a ball in heaven – no longer having the restraint of having to pass the entrance exam. Indeed, some believe that when a martyr gets to heaven he is immediately met by seventy-two virgins and promised everlasting happiness.

Maybe our parents said things like ‘be nice or you won’t go to heaven’, in the same way that they might have said ‘do your homework or you won’t go to university’. Perhaps we grew up thinking that the final test will be to weigh our good deeds against our bad deeds, and if the scales tip the right way we get in.

I don’t know if you’ve seen the film ‘Meet Joe Black’. Joe is ‘Death’, come to claim a wealthy American who it seems has led a ‘good and honest life’. Joe takes a short holiday with the American before he takes him to his final destination. When it’s finally time to leave the American asks, “Do I need to worry where I’m going?” to which Joe replies, “A man like you…. No”. His reward is heaven. He got there by his own efforts and he deserved it!

Then there is Pascal’s wager. Put simply, if you believe in God and he exists then you get to heaven, if you believe and he doesn’t you simply cease to exist when you die – no negative consequences, so a safe thing to do. If you don’t believe in God and he doesn’t exist then you simply cease to exist when you die, but if you are wrong you suffer in hell – a serious negative consequence, not a safe thing to do. As I’ve written it there is the implication that if you believe in God you get to heaven, which some take as the ‘entry requirement’.

A friend likes to turn Pascal’s wager upside down and say something like, “If I don’t believe in God and find out heaven’s real then I get a double bonus as I haven’t had to do all the religious stuff and I get to heaven as well”

Then there is the ‘Christian’ view that we can all go to heaven because of Jesus dying on the cross; he has bought our entry, we don’t have to do anything.

But is heaven like any of these concepts? Let’s apply some reason to the question.

I don’t invite people to my house as a reward for them being good. I invite them because I like them.

I don’t feel I have a right to go to someone else’s house because I’ve been good. I only go if I have an invite, and because I want to get to know them better because I expect to like them.

Heaven is God’s house. Wouldn’t we expect a similar situation to apply to heaven? Isn’t it a cheek to expect to go to his house just because we’ve done good deeds? Isn’t it reasonable to only go if we want to get to meet God? Would we expect to treat God with less respect than we would treat our neighbours?

And what of this idea that once we get there we can just enjoy all the things we’ve given up to get there? Seventy-two virgins…. Yet I wonder if they would consider it heaven. And that’s really the point. Heaven is not set up for me as an individual to live in wanton pleasure to the detriment of everyone else. Heaven must be a place where everyone lives for the good of everyone else – otherwise it wouldn’t be heaven. When I helped in prison, the chaplain used to say ‘Sin can’t get into heaven’. If sin was allowed, it would be no different to here; it would not be heaven.

Therefore, if you or I want to hold on to our selfish ways, if we want to hold on to any of our ‘sin’ then we cannot be allowed to enter.

We need a transforming of our mind to be able to enjoy heaven; heaven would be ‘hell’ if we didn’t enjoy and thrive on being selfless and loving.

It’s not about ‘be good and go to heaven’. We need to be willing to undergo complete transformation of our way of thinking if we want to be fitted for heaven, we need a new ‘heart’. That’s what so much of Christ’s teaching was all about – how to be completely selfless and loving, putting others before oneself, preparing ourselves for heaven.

Evolution

I don’t think that most people realise that Richard Dawkins’ claim about Evolution is that it allows one to be an ‘intellectually satisfied atheist’. He does not claim that evolution proves that there is no God. Unfortunately this is not the impression that is created by comments by new atheists. Additionally we find that so-called ‘creationist’ Christians insist that God made the world in literally 6 days as described at the start of the book of Genesis. It is no wonder that many people think that evolution is inconsistent with Christianity, and since evolution is amply demonstrated the (false) conclusion drawn is often that science and evolution have proved that God doesn’t exist.

I am a qualified engineer, trained and experienced in designing things, Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. In engineering we see evolutionary processes at work improving our designs. We test our designs against one another to find out which is best, select the best and then seek to improve it further. The ‘best’ design changes over time and our processes mean that our products change over time to adapt to the new environment; to seek the new ‘best’. Evolution is a necessary part of the design process, but it is not the complete design process. Evolution is the tool that ensures that the design always adapts to the requirements of the customer. I have no problem with a God who created and sustains the universe.

Christians should not be afraid of science, but should embrace it.  How better to appreciate the wonder of the universe and the stupendous ingenuity of the every living creature, from the amoeba to the human, from the mustard seed to the mightiest tree.  We can learn more about God and we can learn more about ourselves by studying the material world.

But we must not become deluded that science is all that there is. Science is about observation of the repeatable, the measurable. Some things are not repeatable (miracles for instance) and some things whilst measurable are not described by the measurement (love for instance). So for a full understanding we need to look beyond science. All religions try to do this, to help us live ‘good’ lives. Philosophy tries to make sense of our existence. It is good to explore what others say but we also need to consider the authority behind the claims as we decide which are true and which are false. And for me, the ultimate authority is Jesus. I listen to what he said, and try to understand and follow it. Why? As Jesus said, ‘believe me because of the miracles, the works that I do’, and because anyone who willingly allows themselves to be crucified has earned the right to be listened to. And I find that what he taught contains such wisdom that it is truly worth putting into practice.

Things that matter to a Minimalist Christian – Hope!

Sometimes people will say things like “God would never forgive me for the things I’ve done”. They have given up on themselves, and they have no hope or expectation for the future. They recognise what they have done wrong in the past, and are trapped there, unable to break free.

Central to a Minimalist Christian is that this is simply not true. There is always hope, whatever you have done and whatever situation you find yourself in.

Think about the person who recognises that they have ‘sinned’ and done stuff that they feel cannot be forgiven. How can they know that they have hope? We read early in the gospel of Mark that “Jesus went into Galilee, where he preached God’s Good News. “The time promised by God has come at last!” he announced. “The Kingdom of God is near! Repent of your sins and believe the Good News!” from which we can conclude that it is Good News to recognise and wish we hadn’t carried out all the bad things we’ve done, and ‘repent’ of them. So the recognition of what we’ve done is a first and positive step.

Later in Mark, Jesus says that “I tell you the truth, all sin and blasphemy can be forgiven”.and at the end of Luke he says “There is forgiveness of sins for all who repent.” When Jesus says ‘all’ he means ‘all’. None of us are beyond God’s forgiveness. And we learn that Jesus has the authority to forgive when he comes across a man paralysed from birth. Jesus said to the paralyzed man, “My child, your sins are forgiven.” Later Jesus asks “Is it easier to say to the paralyzed man ‘Your sins are forgiven,’ or ‘Stand up, pick up your mat, and walk’? So I will prove to you that the Son of Man has the authority on earth to forgive sins.” Then Jesus turned to the paralyzed man and said, “Stand up, pick up your mat, and go home!” And the man jumped up, grabbed his mat, and walked out through the stunned onlookers. They were all amazed and praised God, exclaiming, “We’ve never seen anything like this before!” So Jesus has the authority to forgive sins, demonstrated by his power to perform miracles. However, he also delegates that authority to those who choose to follow him, for in John’s gospel he meets the disciples after he has been crucified and resurrected. Jesus breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive anyone’s sins, they are forgiven. If you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven.” and we can know that his followers must forgive us because he explained it to Peter: Then Peter came to him and asked, “Lord, how often should I forgive someone who sins against me? Seven times?” “No, not seven times,” Jesus replied, “but seventy times seven! So, we can rest assured that if we have done bad things in the past, and we now regret them then we are forgiven as soon as we ask, and so we can move on in our lives with renewed hope for the future. And we can know that every time we mess up in the future and with regret ask once again for forgiveness that we will once again be forgiven. Jesus would not tell his followers to forgive ‘seventy seven’ times if he were not going to do that himself! But of course, if we don’t ask to be forgiven then we won’t receive forgiveness.

But suppose we are nearing the end of our lives. Is there any point in asking forgiveness, after all, we’re not going to be around much longer? Well yes! A Minimalist Christian knows that this life is not all that there is; there is a life to come. St Paul summarised this rather well when he said that if there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised either. And if Christ has not been raised, then all our preaching is useless, and your faith is useless. And we apostles would all be lying about God—for we have said that God raised Christ from the grave. But that can’t be true if there is no resurrection of the dead. And if there is no resurrection of the dead, then Christ has not been raised. And if Christ has not been raised, then your faith is useless and you are still guilty of your sins. In that case, all who have died believing in Christ are lost! And if our hope in Christ is only for this life, we are more to be pitied than anyone in the world. But in fact, Christ has been raised from the dead. He is the first of a great harvest of all who have died. So whatever stage of life we find ourselves in, there is always hope and always sense in asking for and receiving God’s forgiveness.

And Jesus tells a story of how a landowner hired workers throughout the day, some only working a short time. But at the end of the day they were all paid the same amount. This shows that it is never too late to choose to receive his forgiveness, and to receive it in full.


The people that Jesus spoke to understood this, and in response to receiving forgiveness and hope they wanted to know what to do what was right in the future. Jesus told them, “The most important commandment is this: ‘Listen, O Israel! The Lord our God is the one and only Lord. And you must love the Lord your God with all your heart, all your soul, all your mind, and all your strength.’ The second is equally important: ‘Love your neighbour as yourself.’ No other commandment is greater than these.” I’m not sure that anyone who recognises God as the creator and sustainer of the universe would argue with the first, and we all understand the second ‘golden rule’. But it’s nice to know that a good future is not a killjoy future.

Underpinning all of this hope is the knowledge that God loves each and every one of us. He demonstrated that love in such a powerful way, there can be no doubting it. As recorded in the gospel of John “God loved the world so much that he gave his one and only Son, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life. God sent his Son into the world not to judge the world, but to save the world through him. There is no judgement against anyone who believes in him. But anyone who does not believe in him has already been judged for not believing in God’s one and only Son. And the judgement is based on this fact: God’s light came into the world, but people loved the darkness more than the light, for their actions were evil. All who do evil hate the light and refuse to go near it for fear their sins will be exposed. But those who do what is right come to the light so others can see that they are doing what God wants.” Forgiveness and eternal life are freely available for anyone who wants them, but anyone who wants to keep living an evil life has already judged themselves; they will not seek forgiveness with a sorrowful heart and unless they ask they will not receive it.

So the bottom line is, whatever stage in life we are, no matter how much we’ve screwed up, no matter how unwilling we are to forgive ourselves, God will forgive us if we truly want him to and he will give us hope for the future.

If you feel you are worthless and if this speaks to you, give up your pride and self pity and just ask. And when you ask, know that you are forgiven. Embrace the hope that the future holds.


Things that matter to a Minimalist Christian – forgiving.

“Father forgive them, they don’t know what they are doing” cried Jesus as he hung there dying.  He’d just been betrayed, abused, spat upon, beaten, mocked, whipped, and nailed to a cross.

“Forgive us our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us” is a central part of the Lord’s Prayer.

“How many times must I forgive someone?” asked the disciples, to which Jesus’ reply said “as many times as they sin against you”.

Jesus was pretty hot on forgiveness.

Throughout the Bible there are instructions that we should forgive others, and examples of God forgiving us.

Why is this so important?  How does it square with our sense of justice and our rights?

We all agree that doing bad things deserves punishment; it’s justice isn’t it?  If you knock my tooth out then I should be allowed to knock your tooth out. If you steal from me then you should go to prison.  If you kill my wife you should be hanged.

The trouble is, punishment doesn’t actually fix anything.  It doesn’t fix my tooth if I knock yours out.  It doesn’t return my possessions if you go to prison.  It doesn’t return my wife if you are hanged.  The hurt is still there, even if justice is satisfied.  And when I meet your mother and see her grief after you’ve been hanged, does that make me feel any better?

Forgiveness is what allows us to move forward.

Forgiveness gives up our right to justice.  Forgiveness gives up our right to revenge.  Forgiveness frees us from the need to feel bitterness.  Forgiveness frees us from the need to be angry.

It is not always easy to forgive, although it gets easier with practice.  It is not something that our feelings naturally want to do. When we’ve been wronged, we keep replaying conversations in our head that justify why we have a right to feel hurt. We seek justice and if that’s not forthcoming, revenge.   Christ’s leadership and example doesn’t say it’s easy, but he says it’s essential for our wellbeing.  It wasn’t easy for him to hang from that cross and say ‘Father forgive them’, but it was essential.  Forgiveness is vitally important for the healing of the one who has been wronged.

Things that a Minimalist Christian does not have to believe: “If you don’t believe what I believe you are going to burn in Hell”

Oh how sad it is when discussions between ardent Evangelical Christians and New Atheists end up with a comment like: ‘Well you’re wrong, and you’re going to find out when you get to Hell’.

Nobody really knows if Hell is real, if anyone will go there, or if it is eternal suffering.  But we do know that the prospect of eternal painful punishment for simply not being able to believe in God does seem rather an extreme punishment and doesn’t seem consistent with what Christians claim to be an infinitely loving and faithful God.  It seems perverse to develop a theology that insists that those who don’t ‘pray the sinners prayer’ (a relatively recent invention by the way) are not ‘saved’ and will go to Hell.  It is perverse if there are other alternative interpretations of the bible which are far more consistent with a loving God.

Yes Jesus refers to Hell, for example:

And if your hand—even your stronger hand —causes you to sin, cut it off and throw it away. It is better for you to lose one part of your body than for your whole body to be thrown into hell.

and

But I say, if you are even angry with someone, you are subject to judgment! If you call someone an idiot, you are in danger of being brought before the court. And if you curse someone, you are in danger of the fires of hell.

but it seems to me that it is extrapolating a long way to reach the ‘evangelical’ position.  Clearly the concept of hell emphasises the importance of what he is saying, but it could easily be taken as a literary device for that purpose alone.  In a trivial way we might say ‘that was better than a poke in the eye’.

In one of St Paul’s letters he describes that

I am convinced that nothing can ever separate us from God’s love. Neither death nor life, neither angels nor demons, neither our fears for today nor our worries about tomorrow—not even the powers of hell can separate us from God’s love.

That seems far more consistent with the character of God; that his love is so great that he wouldn’t even let something as horrific as the concept of hell get between us.

The Minimalist Christian doesn’t have to believe that anyone is going to burn in hell for eternity, but will realise the importance found in a message that needs to be underlined by such a severe concept.

Things that a Minimalist Christian does not have to take literally – The Genesis account of Creation

The Genesis account of the creation of the world, universe, plants, animals and man is read by some as a literal description of how it actually happened.  There may be many reasons for such thinking:

  • New atheists like Richard Dawkins have fed the lie that evolution proves that there is no God (which any intelligent scientist with integrity will realise is false).  Since the new atheists are so unpleasant in their behaviour, nobody wants to associate with any of their views.
  • Having been told that the Bible is inerrant, or infallible and don’t know how else to interpret the text.
  • Not having explored or understood the evidence for evolution.

St Augustine in the AD300’s identified some of the problems with the literal interpretation:

It was awkward when Christians talked as if the Bible offered an alternative explanation of the world in rivalry to that of astronomers and other natural scientists.  It made them and their faith look foolish, and obscured the really important matters on which Christians had much to say.  (Augustine, A Very Short Introduction)

In the book “Creation or Evolution, Do we have to choose? http://www.amazon.co.uk/Creation-Evolution-Do-Have-Choose/dp/1854247468 Alexander clearly demonstrates that evolution is fully consistent with Genesis, so long as one interprets and understands Genesis in context.

So, a Minimalist Christian does not need to believe the literal interpretation of Genesis creation account, but does believe that God exists, brought the universe into being and sustains it.

Read more about this in The Big Picture.

Related links

https://philhemsley.wordpress.com/2012/06/03/evolution/

https://philhemsley.wordpress.com/2013/03/03/information-dna-and-evolution/

https://philhemsley.wordpress.com/2012/11/19/if-evolution-is-true/

Risky business

Do you ever feel that we are obsessed by avoiding risks?  Are we so risk averse that we are afraid to live?  A while ago I wrote a short piece about what might have happened if Jesus had consulted a risk management agency before he started his work….

“So Jesus, you are thinking of going out and starting a new religion, where people who have broken the law can avoid judgement if they are truly sorry and show that they want to change by choosing to follow you and obey your teaching.  Hmmm.  Well, I think you’ve done the right thing in consulting us; seeking the advice of wise and experienced men is invaluable in matters like this.

I think the best thing to do here is to carry out a risk assessment.  It’s fairly standard practice and makes sure we don’t do something stupid (or at least, it covers our backs against the lawyers if something does go wrong (laughs)).

First we have to think of what might go wrong, then we decide how likely it is, how much it matters if it does go wrong and finally we think up how to stop it going wrong. So, let’s start.

Now, your message, ‘Repent and follow me, I will forgive you sins’.  What could go wrong?  Well, why would anyone believe you?  What are your credentials?  I think if you just start telling people this then it’s a high likelihood that nobody will believe you.  But the impact of people not believing you is pretty low, they’ll just think you are an idiot so no harm done really.

Sorry, didn’t quite catch that? You are going to do some miracles to show that you are telling the truth?  Well, that would certainly start to address the question of whether they believe you.

But think, you’ve not done any before, so what happens if your miracles don’t work?  Well, you might upset the person you were doing the miracle on, and you might be a bit embarrassed, but that’s not really a big problem.  You could always move to another town to avoid the stigma.  You’re going to do them all over the region?  Well that would be a bit more serious wouldn’t it.  No, we’d advise you keep it local.

But supposing they do work.  Hmmm, according to our data that would imply that you claim to be God!  I think we’re starting to get into a bit of a high risk area here.  If you claim to be God, that will upset a lot of people.  You know, there are lots of people’s jobs depending on telling others what God thinks, you know, the priests and teachers of the law – if you just come along, claim to be God, and tell everyone what God really thinks then they will be out of work.  They wouldn’t like that!

No, you would definitely upset the Pharisees.  They’ll fight you all the way.  They’ll probably try to catch you out and maybe even plan to kill you.  I think we’ll have to mark this down as a rather high risk!  How can we mitigate that I wonder?

You’re going to surround yourself with a band of followers?  That’s a good idea. Yes, that will offer you some protection.  What do you mean, one of your followers is going to betray you?  Well if you know that, don’t choose him!  Come on Jesus – you seem to be deliberately taking risks here!  Look, if you do go ahead with this, we’d better form a panel to vet your followers; make sure they are the right sort, you know, decent middle of the road people. That might do it.

And I suppose there’s some hope in that we Jews aren’t allowed to kill anyone without Roman orders.  But then, what if the Pharisees stir up so much unrest that the Romans just want you out of the way.  You know how much they like a quiet life.  No, I don’t think that’ll get you off the hook.

And look, if you are trying to form a new religion and you end up dying, what will that achieve?  Your followers will become totally disheartened, and give up believing you.  After all, what use is a dead leader (laughs).  And once the Pharisees have tasted blood, if your followers do continue to say you are the Son of God, they’ll probably end up dying painful deaths themselves.  You wouldn’t want that would you?  Oh come on, you can’t tell them to ‘pick up their cross and follow you’; that’s not very kind.  And nobody will do that anyway!

Oh, you have a masterstroke do you?  What’s that then?  You’re going to come back from the dead?  (Uncontrolled laughter)  Oh dear, I’m sorry.  But really!  You’re relying on something as crazy as that to ensure the success of your new religion?  Dear, oh dear. (Mops a tear of laughter from his eye)

Well, at least we can say that this risk assessment has been a useful exercise.  It certainly shows that your plans are crazy.  They are deliberately high risk; I would even go so far to say negligent.  They will lead to a lot of pain and suffering, and frankly the chances of success are minimal.  No Jesus, I really don’t think we can contemplate supporting this mad idea of yours.  But at least we’ve been able to head this off before it got started.  That must be some relief to you.

What?  You’re going to do it anyway.  Well really!”